What Is Crypto Profit and Loss (PnL)?
PnL — Profit and Loss — is the net gain or loss on a trading position after all costs are accounted for. In cryptocurrency trading, PnL can be split into two types:
Unrealized PnL
The paper gain or loss on a position that is still open. Your entry and current market price determine this, but it has not been locked in — it can swing positive or negative until you close the trade.
Realized PnL
The actual profit or loss after you close a position. Once you sell, the P&L is locked in and credited or debited from your account balance. Trading fees, funding fees, and price slippage all reduce realized PnL.
Long vs Short Positions
| Long Position | Short Position | |
|---|---|---|
| Profit when | Price rises above entry | Price falls below entry |
| Loss when | Price falls below entry | Price rises above entry |
| Used for | Bullish market outlook | Bearish market outlook |
| Liq. trigger | Price drops to liq. level | Price rises to liq. level |
| Example | Buy BTC at $60K, sell at $65K = +$5K | Short BTC at $60K, cover at $55K = +$5K |
ROI vs ROE in Crypto Trading
ROI and ROE measure profitability from different perspectives. Understanding the difference is critical when using leverage:
ROI — Return on Investment
Measures return relative to total position size (full exposure). Formula: Net Profit ÷ Position Size × 100.
$500 profit on $10,000 position = 5% ROI
ROE — Return on Equity
Measures return relative to your actual capital (margin deposit). Formula: Net Profit ÷ Margin × 100.
$500 profit on $1,000 margin (10× leverage) = 50% ROE
How Leverage Works — Risk & Reward Table
A $1,000 margin on a 5% price move in your favor, at different leverage levels:
| Leverage | Position Size | +5% Price Move Profit | −5% Price Move Loss | Liq. Threshold |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1× | $1,000 | +$50 | −$50 | −100% |
| 5× | $5,000 | +$250 | −$250 | −20% |
| 10× | $10,000 | +$500 | −$500 | −10% |
| 20× | $20,000 | +$1,000 | −$1,000 | −5% |
| 50× | $50,000 | +$2,500 | −$2,500 | −2% |
How Trading Fees Impact Crypto Profits
Fees in leveraged trading apply to the full position size, not just your margin. This means fees can consume a disproportionate share of your capital on small or frequent trades. There are three main fee types:
Maker Fee
Charged when you add liquidity by placing a limit order that doesn't fill immediately. Typically 0.01%–0.05%. Lower than taker fees.
Taker Fee
Charged when you remove liquidity by placing a market order that fills immediately. Typically 0.05%–0.10%. Always applied on your exit.
Funding Fee
Charged periodically (every 8 hours on most exchanges) on open perpetual futures positions. Can be positive or negative depending on market conditions.
Risk Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves substantial risk of loss. Leveraged trading can result in losses exceeding your initial investment. This calculator is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute financial or investment advice. Liquidation prices are approximate — actual liquidation levels vary by exchange and include maintenance margin requirements. Always trade with money you can afford to lose and consult a qualified financial advisor before making trading decisions.